Obesity, high cholesterol, and diabetes: the vicious cycle of "diabetic obesity".

What is the relationship between obesity and high blood viscosity?

Hyperlipidemia refers to an abnormally high level of lipids in the blood, also known as dyslipidemia. Blood lipids refer to the lipids in the blood...

Lipoproteins (containing cholesterol and triglycerides), phospholipids, and glycolipids are respectively lipids and proteins.

Lipids are products of the binding of proteins, phosphorus, or sugars. Any lipid level exceeding the normal range is considered dyslipidemia.

Lipids themselves are insoluble in blood; they must bind with certain special proteins to form lipoproteins.

Only after these substances enter the bloodstream can they be absorbed, hence hyperlipidemia is also known as hyperlipoproteinemia.

Because these special proteins act as lipid carriers, they are also called lipoproteins. Based on their molecular size, lipoproteins can be divided into...

Four categories: chylomicrons (CM), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL),

Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Both LDL and VLDL are harmful to the human body; they are "bad."

Lipoproteins. HDL has a scavenging effect on plasma triglycerides and can also reduce cholesterol and cholesterol esters.

Deposits on the blood vessel walls are negatively correlated with the incidence of coronary heart disease. Therefore, HDL is considered a...

A type of lipoprotein that fights atherosclerosis, also known as anti-atherosclerotic factor, is considered "good."

lipoprotein.

Obese individuals, especially those with abdominal obesity, are more likely to have high cholesterol than the average person.

Symptoms include hypertriglyceridemia, abnormally high levels of LDL and VLDL, and decreased HDL. In other words...

The low ones that should be low are not low, and the high ones that should be high are not high.

The reasons why obese people are prone to hyperlipidemia may include the following: ① excessive fat intake; ② body fat percentage.

Excessive visceral fat storage; ③ Hyperinsulinemia can worsen dyslipidemia; ④ The body's ability to clear lipids.

Decreased. The main harm caused by abnormal blood lipids is atherosclerosis. The heart's blood supply depends on...

If the coronary arteries in the heart develop atherosclerosis, the blood vessels will narrow.

This can lead to coronary heart disease. In addition, it can cause narrowing of cerebral blood vessels, which in turn can cause stroke.

In some obese patients, dyslipidemia can be controlled through appropriate weight loss and dietary therapy.

However, a significant number of patients require medication to lower their blood lipids to the normal range.

What is the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes?

(1) What is type 2 diabetes?

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with an increasing prevalence, and it has become a global chronic disease.

The most prevalent non-communicable disease. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes among diabetic patients.

The majority (over 90%) of cases are type 2 diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes, which primarily affects individuals aged 35-40.

The disease then develops, peaking in people over 60 years of age. The symptoms are generally mild, insidious, and subtle.

The symptoms are relatively long and typical of diabetes: the "three highs and one low" (excessive thirst, excessive hunger, excessive urination, and weight loss).

It is relatively rare, and there is often a family history or personal history of obesity.

The American Diabetes Association released its 2010 report.

The diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus are: ① Glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5%; ② Fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L.

Fasting is defined as having no calorie intake for at least 8 hours; ③ During an oral glucose tolerance test, 2-hour blood glucose ≥

11.1 mmol/L; ④ In patients with typical symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, random blood...

Sugar ≥11.1mmol/L.

(2) The relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes

45-year-old Zhou runs a small company, lives comfortably, and has many social engagements, even without...

When I have social engagements, I love to eat a lot of meat and fish, and my weight keeps increasing every year. My body is getting increasingly bloated.

His "belly belly" was prominently displayed, giving him a commanding presence as he walked, whether with business partners or friends.

Friends who saw him all said, "You look like a big boss!" Old Zhou was always delighted to hear this.

*Sizzle* One day, Old Zhou's wife watched a health program on TV that talked about...

They learned about obesity and advised Mr. Zhou to go to the hospital for a checkup, but Mr. Zhou was initially unwilling.

He insisted that he had no problems and didn't need to get checked, but he couldn't resist his wife's nagging.

A hospital checkup revealed a shocking finding: his blood sugar levels had reached the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. Old Zhou

I'm completely baffled. They say I don't have those "three highs and one low" symptoms shown on TV, so why am I like this?

She has diabetes.

Although Lao Zhou knew the typical symptoms of diabetes, he was unaware of one of the major risk factors for diabetes.

It's obesity. Studies have shown that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes varies among individuals with mild, moderate, and severe obesity.

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes is 2.5 times and 10 times higher for individuals of normal weight, respectively. The longer obesity persists, the greater the risk.

The higher the risk, the greater the risk. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is higher in individuals with a BMI ≥ 24 kg/m² than in those with a BMI ≥ 24 kg/m².

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is twice that of individuals with a BMI ≥ 28 kg/m², compared to those with a BMI ≥ 24 kg/m².

Three times that of the lower class.

Obese individuals with high abdominal fat mass, high waist circumference, or high waist-to-hip ratio are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.

The risk of disease is higher. Both the American Heart Association and the European Diabetes Association recommend that people with diabetes...

Their weight should be reduced to a healthy range, i.e., Body Mass Index (BMI) (weight/height²).

It dropped to 25 or even lower.

Among type 2 diabetes patients aged 40 and above in my country, those who are more than 10% overweight account for a significant proportion.

2/3. A European survey shows that 80% to 90% of people with type 2 diabetes are also obese, especially in recent years.

The incidence of type 2 diabetes is significantly increased among obese adolescents and children; therefore, diabetes is also known as...

This is known as "diabetic obesity." In 2005, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) defined obesity, especially abdominal obesity, as a disease.

Obesity is a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

(3) Why does obesity lead to type 2 diabetes?

The underlying cause of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance. Numerous studies have shown that obesity (especially...)

Abdominal obesity is a significant factor in insulin resistance, and insulin is the body's primary regulator of blood sugar.

The body absorbs a large amount of sugar into the blood after eating, and it is transported to all parts of the body through blood circulation.

Only with the aid of insulin can glucose enter cells and be utilized by the body, while simultaneously increasing the level of glucose in the blood.

Sugar levels remain within a relatively stable range.

Insulin can only exert its physiological effects by first interacting with...

Insulin receptors on the cell membrane bind to insulin, which then triggers a series of intracellular neurotransmitters to...

The signal that "sugar has arrived" is transmitted deep into the cell, and then a substance called "glucose" deep within the cell is produced.

The "transporter" mobilizes substances to the cell surface, through which glucose is transported into the cell for production.

Generative energy. The glucose transport system, which couldn't be used immediately, experienced many problems, leading to cellular issues with energy production.

The action of insulin creates "resistance," making it difficult for glucose in the blood to enter the cells.

Obese individuals often experience endocrine dysfunction in their adipose tissue, leading to the production of adiponectin by adipocytes.

resistin, interleukin (IL), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are involved in or exacerbate the condition.

Diabetes develops due to insulin resistance and damage to beta cells. Simultaneously, abnormal fat secretion...

Increased visceral fat can also lead to insulin insensitivity.

After the onset of diabetes,

Further disruption of the body's glucose and lipid metabolism leads to elevated blood sugar and blood lipids, and the re-digestion of fat.

Wearing certain foods can exacerbate obesity to some extent. Therefore, obesity and diabetes form a mutually reinforcing relationship.

This creates a vicious cycle of cause and effect.

(4) Closely monitor gestational diabetes in obese women.

26-year-old Lingling became a full-time housewife after getting married, and two years later she and her husband planned to have a child.

She consulted her best friend Xiaoying, who already had a baby, for advice. Xiaoying looked at her and realized that she was no longer pregnant.

Lingling, who was in charge of the procedure, was repeatedly told to make frequent trips to the hospital before giving birth and during her pregnancy.

Xiaoying's sister had complications after developing gestational diabetes, and she was closely monitoring her condition.

Less trouble.

Obese women are at high risk of developing diabetes, and if they want to have children, they must undergo pregnancy testing.

Screening for gestational diabetes. Why? Because gestational diabetes can cause significant harm: if...

Obese pregnant women with gestational diabetes that went undetected due to inadequate dietary control during pregnancy were not properly monitored.

Regulating blood sugar can lead to macrosomia (large baby), intrauterine growth retardation, birth injury in newborns, and respiratory problems in newborns.

Distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, and even diabetic ketoacidosis.

At the same time, doctors may

The monitoring and treatment of mother and baby will not be carried out in accordance with the routine for gestational diabetes, which may lead to inappropriate outcomes.

Medication use or delayed treatment, and some women who opt for elective cesarean sections may experience complications due to early gestation.

The newborn experienced respiratory distress.

Information about gestational diabetes screening online can be misleading; you should consult a doctor at a hospital.

Strictly follow the hospital's screening procedures. Even if gestational diabetes is diagnosed, it's not as scary as it seems.

As long as you follow the doctor's guidance and maintain a regular diet, including small, frequent meals, regular exercise, and regular checkups...

Monitoring blood sugar, conducting fetal monitoring, and checking neonatal blood sugar after delivery can help achieve an ideal pregnancy.

Result. If necessary, the pregnancy should be terminated promptly.